

The new generation Positioning and Orientation System (POS) that integrates
Inertial Navigation System (INS) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)
has become the core element of next generation spatial information acquisition
systems or Mobile Mapping Systems (MMS). The requirements of an
un-interpreted and stable navigation system from navigation applications initialize
the development of INS/GNSS integrated navigation and positioning system.
However, the higher positioning and attitude estimation accuracy requirements of
a modern mobile mapping system that integrates digital mapping camera,
LIDAR, and video camera with a geo-referenced platform from geomatics
engineering applications further revolutionize the latest development of those
technologies adopted by INS/GNSS integrated positioning and navigation system.
Figure (1) illustrates the examples of MMS.
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Lan Based MMS
Airborne MMS
Figure 1: The examples of MMS
General speaking, the accuracy requirement of mobile mapping system is at
least ten times higher than that of general navigation applications. In other words,
geomatics applications dominate the progress of INS/GNSS technologies in
terms of accuracy requirements.
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